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1 αἵρεσις
αἵρεσις, έσεως, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; a term used in H. Gk. esp. in ref. to political preference or group loyalty as in SIG 675, 28 [II B.C.], where αἵ. is used in bonam partem, common in diplomatic correspondence: γίνωνται δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι ζηλωταὶ τῆς αὐτῆς αἱρέσεως).① a group that holds tenets distinctive to it, sect, party, school, faction (of schools of philos. Diod S 2, 29, 6; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 2 τ. Στωϊκῆς αἱ.; Diog. L. 1, 18 and 19, al.; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 34, 241; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 45, 32; HDiels, Doxographi Graeci 1879, index; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 10=Denis 224, col. 1, 13; Holladay 196; s. Nägeli 51; Poland 154).ⓐ of the Sadducees, as sect Ac 5:17 (Jos., Ant. 13, 171; 20, 199). Of the Pharisees 15:5 (Jos., Vi. 10; 12; 191 al.). The latter described as ἡ ἀκριβεστάτη αἵ. τῆς ἡμετέρας θρησκείας the strictest sect of our religion 26:5. Of the Christians αἵρεσις τῶν Ναζωραίων 24:5; cp. vs. 14 and 28:22. The last three exx. incline toward sense b.ⓑ in the later sense, heretical sect (Iren. 1, 11, 1 [Harv. I 98, 5]; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 54, 9) IEph 6:2; ITr 6:1; Epil Mosq 1. Cp. also the agraphon from Justin, Trypho 35 in JJeremias, Unknown Sayings 59–61. In general, WBauer, Rechtgläubigkeit u. Ketzerei im Aeltesten Christentum ’34, 2d ed. w. supplement, GStrecker, ’64; MMeinertz, Σχίσμα und αἵρεσις im NT: BZ 1, ’57, 114–18.ⓒ w. negative connotation, dissension, a faction 1 Cor 11:19; Gal 5:20.② that which distinguishes a group’s thinking, opinion, dogma (Philo, Plant. 151 κυνικὴ αἵ.) αἱ. ἀπωλείας destructive opinions 2 Pt 2:1 (perh. also in sense 1b).— Way of thinking (UPZ 20, 26 [163 B.C.]; 144, 10 al.) αἵ. ἔχειν hold to a way of thinking Hs 9, 23, 5 ( inclination is also possible: GDI 2746, 14; 2800, 7, both from Delphi).—DELG s.v. αἱρέω. M-M. TW. Sv.
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